Liver Flukes
A trematode or fluke measuring about 3cm by 1cm and infecting sheep, cattle and humans.
Complex life-cycle involving water snails and water plants. When ingested the fluke develops in the intestine, burrows into the peritoneum and then to the liver where is eats liver cells for a few weeks then migrates to the bile duct where females can produce up to 25,000 eggs a day. Eggs are released into the intestines from where they are expelled in faeces. On reaching water they hatch and infect a water snails and so complete the life cycle.
Symptom:
Diarrhea, eosinophilia (raised white blood cell count), fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, hepatitis, obstructive jaundice
Benefits to the host:
None.Blood Flukes
A genus of trematodes causing snail fever, also called bilharzia. Infecting an estimated 200 million people worldwide.
Complex life-cycle involving water snails and several larval stages. Eggs hatch in water and lava infect water snails where they develop into a second larval stage which is free-swimming. On detecting human skin then attach themselves and burrow through the skin, often via a hair follicle. They then migrate to the circulatory system where males and females pair up and migrate to rectal or mesenteric veins where they live for many years producing 300-3000 eggs per day which are shed via the faeces or urine. When in water they hatch and complete the life-cycle.
Symptoms:
Rash, itching, chills, cough, diarrhea, fatigue, fever and muscle aches. In children, anaemia, learning difficulties and malnutrition. Inflammation of intestines and liver may occur and, if the central nervous system becomes infected, paralysis, seizures and inflammation of the spinal cord may occur.
Benefits to the host:
None.Tapeworm
Head or Scolex of Tapeworm
A group of segmented Cestoda known as tapeworms which live in the human intestinal tract, absorbing digested nutrients directly through their skin. H. nana can grow to a few centimetres in length, however, the other three listed here can reach many meters.
The head, or scolex, of the tapeworm has hooks with which it attaches to the wall of the intestine. Each segment has its own male and female reproductive organs and can produce eggs on their own, however, they may mate with other segments from the same or another tapeworm. Eventually, when the segment is full of eggs it is shed from the end of the worm and is expelled from the host where it may be eaten by the secondary host (fish, rodent, cattle or pig respectively).
In the secondary host the eggs hatch in the intestines, the larval form then migrate to muscles and form a cyst which may eventually be eaten by a human to complete the life cycle. In the case of H. nana microscopic eggs are shed via faeces from where they may contaminate food or be picked up on fingers. An estimated 30% of rodents sold as pets in stores in Connecticut are infected with H. nana.
Symptoms:
Anal itching, bloody diarrhea, diarrhea, headache, increased appetite, insomnia, loss of appetite, muscle spasms. nausea, nervousness, seizures, stomach ache, vomiting,& weakness, weight loss.
Benefits to the host:
None.Giant Roundworms in the Intestinal Lumen
This nematode worm infects some 25% of the human population. It is passed on when eggs are accidentally swallowed from dirty fingers or contaminated food or water. Larva hatch from the eggs, penetrate the intestinal walls and enter the circulatory system via which they pass into the lungs where they develop for two weeks before travelling up the respiratory tract to the throat, to be swallowed again as adult worms.
The worms attach themselves to the intestinal wall and get nutrients from the host. Adult female worms are 20-35 cm long and 3-6 mm in diameter. Males are 15-30 cm long and 2-4 mm in diameter. On mating a female can produce 200,000 eggs a day and can live for two years. The eggs are passed out of the host in faeces and can survive for several months until swallowed by a human to complete the life-cycle.
Symptoms:
Blockage of the biliary tract, diarrhoea, fever, nausea, obstruction of the bowel (which can be fatal), stomach ache, slower growing of a child or a teen, vomiting, weakness. During the larval stage, when the larva are developing in the lungs, symptoms may include breathing difficulty, cough and/or coughing up blood, eosinophilic pneumonitis.
Benefits to the host:
None.Entamoeba hystolitica
A protozoan (single-celled organism) which causes amoebiasis. About 50 million people are infected world wide. The parasite lives in the large intestine and reproduce by simple binary fission. Some individuals form microscopic cysts which are passed in faeces and can survive for many weeks until ingested in food, contaminated water of by dirty fingers. Very occasionally they can be sexually transmitted.
Symptoms:
Flatulence, intermittent constipation, loose stools, stomach ache, stomach cramping, anemia, appendicitis, bloody diarrhea, fatigue, fever, genital and skin lesions, intermittent constipation, liver abscesses (can lead to death, if not treated), malnutrition, painful defecation, peritonitis, pleuropulmonary abscesses, toxic megacolon, weight loss.
Benefits to the host:
None.Plasmodium (Malaria) Life-cycle.
A protozoan with a complex life-cycle involving the anopheles mosquito and infecting some 200 million people annually. It is the deadliest of all human parasites killing over 1 million people a year. Most deaths are of children under 5 years of age.
Infection begins when a mosquito injects a form of the parasite into human skin when taking a blood meal. This form migrates via the circulatory system to the liver where it infects a liver cell. This can produce 30,000 - 40,000 daughter cells within six days, each of which can invade a red blood cell and produce 8-24 new parasites each of which can infect a new red blood cell. These cells may also produce a form which can infect a mosquito when it takes a blood meal. These then undergo sexual reproduction and via several stages migrate from the mosquito's digestive tract to its salivary glands, where it is ready to infect another human.
Symptoms:
Chills, diarrhea, fever, general discomfort, headaches, muscle pains, nausea, sweating, vomiting, weakness, enlargement of the spleen or liver, hyperpyrexia, increased breathing frequency, mild anemia, mild jaundice, breathing difficulties, coma, confusion, focal neurologic signs, seizures, severe anemia, abnormalities in blood coagulation, hemoglobin in the urine, high acidity of the blood, hypoglycemia, low blood pressure, kidney failure and death. In pregnancy it can cause premature birth and low birth-weight. Babies can be infected from the mother and may cause blindness, deafness, speech difficulty, dyskinesia and paralyses.
Benefits to the host:
None.
What on earth was your loving creator thinking of? How do these organisms fit into a model in which a creator created humans and made all the other living things FOR their benefit?
By the way, on a slightly different note. Some of the examples of parasitic worms have, during their evolution, become less complex since they no longer need to worry about evading predators, finding and digesting their own food, etc, so they show that an evolutionary process does not always mean increasing complexity. This is a very common phenomenon in parasites.
So tell me, how does less information give greater adaptation?
Ah, but these were designed/created to punish the sinners. Surely a "loving" god wouldn't allow its beloved flock (or should that be "stock") to suffer needlessly! As for the sinners, well, they're a different matter entirely the poor abominations. Of course, how do we square a benevolent omnipotent deity/creator with creating substandard creatures is another matter entirely... ;)
ReplyDeleteHe especially punished sinners in Africa.
ReplyDeleteParasites, diseases, poisons, earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, etc do not discriminate between sinners and non sinners, do not discriminate between human and animal. Nature is indiscriminate, amoral, blind, pitiless, indifferent. Mentally blind and morally blind. I have a question for Fundamentalist Christians, do you really believe that the blind, more or less impersonal, amoral forces of Nature actually care or actually distinguish between good folks and bad folks? No Nature doesn't care, doesn't discriminate, and doesn't distinguish between good folks and bad folks. Parasites, diseases, and tsunamis torture and kill ALL different kinds of people, and torture and kill innocent, sinless animals. What sins are animals guilty of? Animals have suffered, died, and become extinct for millions of years at the hands of Nature and at the hands of humans? Why would a loving God allow this? It wouldn't. So it makes no sense to allow animal suffering and death. It's just cruelty for the sake of cruelty, and any possibility of a loving God is out the window. Fundamentalists are unable to understand this because they are blinded, brainwashed, and delusional.
ReplyDelete