Plasma and brain concentrations of apo B and Aβ.
(A) In vivo PET detection of amyloid binding was used to confirm cerebral amyloid deposition in HSHA mice and their age-matched WT controls. Representative PET and MRI fusion images (coregistered with MRI templates using conventional Fast Spin Echo Sequence T2-weighted sequence) show scan data at 20 to 40 minutes’ post-intravenous administration of [11C] PiB. Each panel (from left to right) illustrates maximum binding potential for [11C] PiB represented by coronal images at −2, 0, 4, and 6 mm from the bregma; indicated by the vertical bar. Plasma (B) and brain (C) levels of apo B, a surrogate marker of TRLs in HSHA and WT control mice, were determined with ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Human and mouse isoforms of Aβ in plasma (D) and brain (E, F) were measured separately with ELISA kits using antibodies specific to each isoform. The data underlying Fig 2B–2F can be found in S1 Data. Aβ, amyloid beta; apo B, apolipoprotein B; HSHA, hepatocyte-specific human amyloid; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PET, positron emission tomography; PiB, Pittsburgh compound; TRL, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein; WT, wild-type.
(A) In vivo PET detection of amyloid binding was used to confirm cerebral amyloid deposition in HSHA mice and their age-matched WT controls. Representative PET and MRI fusion images (coregistered with MRI templates using conventional Fast Spin Echo Sequence T2-weighted sequence) show scan data at 20 to 40 minutes’ post-intravenous administration of [11C] PiB. Each panel (from left to right) illustrates maximum binding potential for [11C] PiB represented by coronal images at −2, 0, 4, and 6 mm from the bregma; indicated by the vertical bar. Plasma (B) and brain (C) levels of apo B, a surrogate marker of TRLs in HSHA and WT control mice, were determined with ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Human and mouse isoforms of Aβ in plasma (D) and brain (E, F) were measured separately with ELISA kits using antibodies specific to each isoform. The data underlying Fig 2B–2F can be found in S1 Data. Aβ, amyloid beta; apo B, apolipoprotein B; HSHA, hepatocyte-specific human amyloid; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PET, positron emission tomography; PiB, Pittsburgh compound; TRL, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein; WT, wild-type.
According to Creationists, everything about biology and human anatomy and physiology especially, is definitely not the result of natural, evolutionary forces and the operation of random chance. Instead, it is all designed by their reputedly omnipotent, omniscient god who knew exactly what it was designing and designed if for the particular purpose which it serves - which means it is responsible for both the good and the bad in its 'designs', of course.
So, playing at Intelligent [sic] Design advocates for a moment, we have in this scientific paper an example of the sheer mendacious nastiness of Creationism's divine malevolence. It shows how, just to make sure it's victims get Alzheimer's disease in later life, it has designed a mechanism in the liver that manufactures one of the proteins which has been implicated in the progress of this ghastly disease which robs the sufferer of their dignity, their memory, their personality and eventually their life.
The study, published open access in PLOS Biology, was carried out by John Mamo of Curtin University in Bentley, Australia, and colleagues.
According to the press release from PLOS:
Deposits of amyloid-beta (A-beta) in the brain are one of the pathological hallmarks of AD and are implicated in neurodegeneration in both human patients and animal models of the disease. But A-beta is also present in periphereral organs, and blood levels of A-beta correlate with cerebral amyloid burden and cognitive decline, raising the possibility that peripherally produced a-beta may contribute to the disease. Testing that hypothesis has been difficult, since the brain also produces A-beta, and distinguishing protein from the two sources is challenging.The team's paper can be read here:
In the current study, the authors surmounted that challenge by developing a mouse that produces human a-beta only in liver cells. They showed that the protein was carried in the blood by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, just as it is in humans, and passed from the periphery into the brain. They found that mice developed neurodegeneration and brain atrophy, which was accompanied by neurovascular inflammation and dysfunction of cerebral capillaries, both commonly observed with Alzheimer's disease. Affected mice performed poorly on a learning test that depends on function of the hippocampus, the brain structure that is essential for the formation of new memories.
The findings from this study indicate that peripherally derived A-beta has the ability to cause neurodegeneration and suggest that A-beta made in the liver is a potential contributor to human disease. If that contribution is significant, the findings may have major implications for understanding Alzheimer's disease. To date, most models of the disease have focused on brain overproduction of A-beta, which mimics the rare genetic cases of human Alzheimer's. But for the vast majority of AD cases, overproduction of A-beta in the brain is not thought to be central to the disease etiology. Instead, lifestyle factors may play a more important role, including a high-fat diet, which might accelerate liver production of A-beta.
AbstractIt looks very likely then that the protein amyloid-β, produced by the liver, may be the trigger to the development of Alzheimer's Disease. Which leaves intelligent [sic] design Creationists with the task of explaining why a god who designed that mechanism, knowing exactly what it would do, is worthy of worship.
Several lines of study suggest that peripheral metabolism of amyloid beta (Aß) is associated with risk for Alzheimer disease (AD). In blood, greater than 90% of Aß is complexed as an apolipoprotein, raising the possibility of a lipoprotein-mediated axis for AD risk. In this study, we report that genetic modification of C57BL/6J mice engineered to synthesise human Aß only in liver (hepatocyte-specific human amyloid (HSHA) strain) has marked neurodegeneration concomitant with capillary dysfunction, parenchymal extravasation of lipoprotein-Aß, and neurovascular inflammation. Moreover, the HSHA mice showed impaired performance in the passive avoidance test, suggesting impairment in hippocampal-dependent learning. Transmission electron microscopy shows marked neurovascular disruption in HSHA mice. This study provides causal evidence of a lipoprotein-Aß /capillary axis for onset and progression of a neurodegenerative process.
Lam V, Takechi R, Hackett MJ, Francis R, Bynevelt M, Celliers LM, et al. (2021)
Synthesis of human amyloid restricted to liver results in an Alzheimer disease–like neurodegenerative phenotype.
PLoS Biol 19(9): e3001358. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001358
Copyright: © 2021 The authors. Published by PLoS
Open access. Reprinted under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0)
No doubt though, just as with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19, Creationists would rather we believed their divine malevolence is a sadistic monster who enjoys watching its creation suffer, than accept that a better explanation for these things is an amoral, purposeless process such as evolution by natural selection, genetic drift, etc. They would much rather be regarded as the unworthy product of dirt, than the result of a 3.8-billion-year process of selection for survival; the descendants of survivors who never once failed the fitness test and a process by which they are connected to every other life form on the planet. For some reason, the latter doesn't seem to make them feel important enough.
Alzheimers, dementia, and senility is another sad example of the creator's boundless cruelty, sadism, malevolence, insanity, incompetence, heartlessness, mercilessness, and gross stupidity. How cruel, disgusting and despicable to have our loved ones lose their memories and forget who they are. The creator deserves a slap in the face. The creator is a heartless, amoral criminal.
ReplyDeleteIt's so sad to watch a loved one lose their memories and to have them go to the bathroom on the floor or in their beds. This is what aging and senility can do. It's a CRIME which Nature and the creator inflicts on its creation. This is utterly cruel, heartless, despicable. It's utterly evil. It makes my blood boil in anger. A creator or a being who creates or allows such evils is a thug, criminal, cretin, demented idiot. Insensitive idiot is the creator. He has no conscience whatsoever. Creationists and Fundamentalists ought to be ashamed and embarrassed.
ReplyDeleteIm reading about cases of dementia where the victims defecate and urinate on the floor, in beds, and throughout the entire house, using the entire house as a bathroom or toilet. How disgusting and embarrassing. Imagine the suffering of the poor people who have to clean up this disgusting execrement.
ReplyDeleteI remember visiting a nursing home for my grandfather shortly before he died in late 1977. There was an elderly women who was totally afflicted with dementia. She began babbling gibberish words which made no sense at all and without any warning suddenly vomited on the floor. Where is the God of love and mercy? Theres not a trace of him here. The creator who made such disgusting evils is a CRIMINAL. This is inexecusable cruelty. And I dont want to hear its all because two ancient humans ate a forbidden fruit. Thats a load of manure and nonsense. Thats human ignorance of trying to explain something it doesnt know. Its a myth, and not even a good one. The Original Sin of Adam and Eve or The Fall is invoked to explain why there is sin, suffering, death, and evil in the world and its invoked to get God or the creator off the hook for having such a screwed up world.Its an attempt to justify or absolve the creator's colossal screwups and crimes. Its an attempt to justify and execuse the creator's boundless cruelty, carelessness, negligence, insanity, incompetence, and gross stupidity. It doesnt work though. The creator still comes off as a cruel, unfair, unreasoning jerk who has no reasoning, no heart, and no common sense whatsoever. Its a God who has shown more cruelty and who has caused and allowed more suffering to His creation all because two ancient humans ate a forbidden fruit which He orchestrated for them to eat. Its almost as if He wanted Adam and Eve to disobey and eat the forbidden fruit so that would give Him a legitimate execuse to punish them. It seems this God wants and needs conflict, evil, sin, suffering, and death. It seems He wants and needs Satan or a Devil. It seems He wants and needs a creation to be screwed up and ruined. He cannot stand to see happiness and good health. Why if there was no conflict and no screwups in the creation then He wouldnt be able to punish His creation. Thats His forte and trademark, Cruelty and the infliction of suffering. He likes to torture His creation and even the most trivial reasons such as eating a forbidden fruit serves as an execuse to inflict horrifying inhumane punishments. He will punish for no reason at all just because He felt like it. Cruelty and sadism are within His nature. He isnt content unless someone or something is suffering.
Notice the initial warning to Adam and Eve in Genesis. God doesnt bother telling them anything about sin, or diseases, or parasites, or genocides, or starvation, and doesnt bother telling them that the entire creation would be ruined. No the initial warning was directed only to Adam and Eve alone. Only after they disobey the punishment is not spread to all future unborn humans and to the animal kingdom as well. Very unfair. Isnt it horrible enough that Adam and Eve brought all the Human evil and sin in the world? Isnt that sufficient punishment? Well it wasnt sufficient punishment for this sadistic God because he inflicts all sorts of Natural evils as well. What kind of being does this? How is this a being of love and mercy? This is not only cruel and unfair but its also dishonest because He failed to warn Adam and Eve that the entire creation was in danger of being ruined in His initial warning. Thats like warning that you're going to punish two people for transgressing but you later decide to punish the entire community for the transgression of two people. The creator had no right to ruin His entire creation in this manner. This is not love. This is not mercifulness. This isnt even rational. This isnt even sane. Its an irrational, insane, unreasoning, cruel, stupid, heartless being who has no common sense. A clam has more sense than this God we worship.
Yahweh the Bible God has a Jekyll and Hyde personality. I make peace and create evil is one of His quotes in Isahaia Chapter 45, verse 7 in the King James Bible. Other translators use the words disaster, calamity, catastrophe, woe. The same God who created lovely roses also created dung, covid, and cancer. Much of Nature has both good and evil in it? Contrast and contradictions abound in Nature. Honeybees are pretty, sometimes friendly, produce lovely honey, and pollinate flowers, which is the good side, but they also have a bad side, as they can be mean and they have venomous stings, and many people are allergic to bee venom and die every year. Horses are are majestic and can be loyal pets and carry people and pull heavy loads, but they can also be aggressive and dangerous, biting and kicking people to death. Cats, dogs, hippos, rhinos, elephants, gorillas, and dolphins all have a gentle side and a violent side. The same is true for human beings. The Bible God is both good and evil, but most churches will not admit that there's any evil in God.
DeleteOne of the cruelest and most repulsive diseases is Harlequin Ichthyosis, which afflicts babies, infants, and children. Most churches will not mention that God created this disgusting disease for obvious reasons. Does this look like love and mercifulness? No, obviously not.
Mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, lice, tapeworms, the Tsetse fly, the Screw worm fly, rabies, cancer, ebola, tooth decay, execrement, mold, mildew, grime, scum, vermin are all part of the creation, but this will not be mentioned or preached in most churches. They will tell kids about beautiful rainbows but they won't tell them about the repulsive insects such as the Screw worm fly and its larvae which burrows deep in the flesh of its victims until it kills them. They won't mention the dark side of the deity they worship.
It's also infuriating that this God is unreasoning and unforgiving. He refused to forgive Adam and Eve and went right ahead with punishing them and put a curse on the entire creation. He stupidly allowed Adam and Eve's sin to spread to all future unborn humans which is unfair, immoral, insane, irrponsible, cruel, and stupid. He is blaming us for the sin of Adam and Eve. He is blaming us for something that happened that we had no control over, and for something that happened thousands of years before we were even born. It's irrational, insane, unfair, cruel, and stupid. No reasoning and no common sense whatsoever. And He has no intelligent, constructive solution to offer us. He allows us to remain in our sinfulness which He supposedly hates so much. He contributes to the sin and evil which He supposedly hates so much. He doesn't know how to forgive, and He doesn't know how to heal. He doesn't know how to run a creation in a merciful, humane manner, He doesn't know how to run a creation in an intelligent, constructive manner, He doesn't know how to run a creation in a rational, sane manner, He doesn't know how to run a creation in a moral, responsible manner. He is clueless and absent. He doesn't know how to heal, and He doesn't know to forgive. All He knows how to do is punish, punish, punish. Allow the sin, punish the sin indefinitely is His motto. He has created an endless vicious circle and an endless vicious cycle of sin, misery, failure, and hopelessness. This is a victory for the Devil, this is a victory for evil. It's a failure for a creator, its a failure for a deity. Bungle, goof, screwup is the creator. There's not much of anything right He has done. Utter incompetence, indifference, cruelty, carelessness, negligence, mental blindness, moral blindness, irresponsibleness, insanity, and gross stupidity are His ways. He knows no better.
This being we worship in the Bible is a spiteful, malicious, malevolent, cruel, sadistic, insane, hypocritical, incompetent, and stupid monstrosity who has ruined His creation and who allows it to continue being ruined, and this is a victory for the Devil and a victory for evil. It's embarrassing.